The deteriorating quality of raw water, coupled with current water shortages, has created an urgent need to protect the country’s water resources and ensure effective water and wastewater management in South Africa. According to the Water and Sanitation Master Plan (DWA, 2019), 56% of the 1 150 municipal wastewater treatment works are in a poor or critical condition, while 11% are dysfunctional. This implies that South Africa’s water resources are negatively impacted and polluted by wastewater that is not properly treated.