DOI
10.1007/s11051-009-9729-4
Is There a Shift to Active Nanostructures
摘要
It has been suggested that an important transition in the long-run trajectory of nanotechnology development is a shift from passive to active nanostruc_x0002_tures. Such a shift could present different or increased societal impacts and require new approaches for risk assessment. An active nanostructure ‘‘changes or evolves its state during its operation,’’ according to the National Science Foundation’s (2006) Active Nanostructures and Nanosystems grant solicitation. Active nanostructure examples include nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nanomachines, self-healing materials, targeted drugs and chemicals, energy storage devices, and sensors. This article considers two questions: (a) Is there a ‘‘shift’’ to active nanostructures? (b) How can we characterize the prototypical areas into which active nanostructures may emerge? We build upon the NSF definition of active nanostructures to develop a research publication search strategy, with a particular intent to distinguish between passive and active nanotechnologies. We perform bibliometric analyses and describe the main publication trends from 1995 to 2008. We then describe the prototypes of research that emerge based on reading the abstracts and review papers encountered in our search. Preliminary results suggest that there is a sharp rise in active nanostructures publications in 2006, and this rise is maintained in 2007 and through to early 2008. We present a typology that can be used to describe the kind of active nanostructures that may be commercialized and regulated in the future.
中文摘要
有人提出，纳米技术发展的长期轨迹中的一个重要转变是从被动到主动 nanostruc_x0002_tures 的转变。 这种转变可能会产生不同的或增加的社会影响，并需要新的风险评估方法。 根据美国国家科学基金会 (2006) 的活性纳米结构和纳米系统资助申请，活性纳米结构“在其运行过程中改变或演变其状态”。 活性纳米结构示例包括纳米机电系统 (NEMS)、纳米机器、自愈材料、靶向药物和化学品、储能设备和传感器。 本文考虑了两个问题：(a) 是否存在向活性纳米结构的“转变”？ (b) 我们如何描述活性纳米结构可能出现的原型区域？ 我们基于 NSF 对活性纳米结构的定义来制定研究出版物搜索策略，特别是为了区分被动和主动纳米技术。 我们进行了文献计量分析并描述了 1995 年至 2008 年的主要出版趋势。然后我们描述了基于阅读我们搜索中遇到的摘要和评论论文而出现的研究原型。 初步结果表明，活性纳米结构的出版物在 2006 年急剧增加，这种增加在 2007 年一直持续到 2008 年初。我们提出了一种类型学，可用于描述可能被商业化的活性纳米结构类型 并在未来受到监管。
来源关键词
Active nanostructures
;
Active nanotechnology
;
Bibliometrics
;
Trends
;
Prototypes
;
Science and technology trends
来源智库
Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (United States)
NSTL唯一标识符
JA202305300000044ZX
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
