兰德欧洲公司受诺和诺德基金会委托，对病原体监测和当前举措进行研究。该研究旨在概述国际病原体监测领域和相关利益攸关方，并了解不同举措的优势和劣势、病原体监测的挑战以及如何应对这些挑战，以及如何使用数据为公共卫生决策提供信息。为此，对病原体监测举措进行了范围界定审查，并在诺和诺德基金会和兰德欧洲研究团队参加的研讨会后，制定并选择了10项案例研究进行进一步审查。对参与病原体监测举措的个人进行了访谈，以收集更多信息来制定案例研究，专家访谈解决了病原体监测空间和模型中的差距，这将有助于填补这些差距
流行病总是破坏社会结构，扰乱经济，加深社会分歧，加剧偏见，留下心理创伤——所有这些都会产生持久的政治影响。新冠肺炎大流行的影响将在最后一次快速检测结果呈阳性后很长一段时间内感受到。
在过去的二十年里，流行病的准备工作已被证明对健康、国家和经济安全至关重要。现在，各国正在投资数十亿美元用于各种流行病防范工具，如疫苗和广谱医疗对策，以应对疫情带来的威胁。这些工具不仅可以防止自然发生和意外的生物事件，还可以帮助提供一些保护，防止蓄意的生物攻击。此外，由于与世界经济的重要组成部分生物技术行业的联系，流行病防备对公共和私营部门都有重大的经济影响。由于大流行防范的许多方面都与公共卫生、国家安全和经济竞争有关，了解这一领域主要国家利益相关者的关键技术和政策趋势，可以对大流行防范差距和解决这些差距的方法提供宝贵的见解。本报告简要介绍了美国、中国和俄罗斯疫情防范特定方面的趋势和战略影响。作者讨论了疫苗概念和技术、广谱MCM和免疫便利化的技术和政策方面。
随着官方公共卫生紧急状态的结束，现在是反思新冠肺炎疫情如何改变美国和全球医疗保健和社会生活的最佳时机。从一开始，关于病毒和疫苗的信息往往令人困惑和不准确，保护自己和家人的指导方针不断变化，以及为保护整个社会而限制集会或旅行，这些“信息流行病”造成了恐慌和混乱。好的信息总是存在的，但要筛选的信息太多了，而且每天都在不断增加。作为健康研究人员，这种信息洪流使我们意识到健康素养比以往任何时候都更重要。健康素养仅仅意味着一个人能够发现、理解和使用准确的信息，对自己或亲人的健康做出明智的决定。然而，与此同时，成为一名健康知识渊博的人的想法
On March 13, 2020, as COVID-19 began claiming lives worldwide at a frightening pace, the U.S. government declared a public health emergency. That declaration is set to expire on May 11. We asked RAND experts to reflect on the past three years: What were the effects on this country and around the world, what has changed, what are the most important takeaways, what was done right, and what was done wrong? At the same time, they looked ahead to what might be done to mitigate the health and geopolitical impacts of future pandemics. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified in China in late 2019; in January 2020 the World Health Organization declared a “public health emergency of international concern.” By the end of last month, more than 750 million cases and nearly 7 million deaths had been reported. The true number of cases and deaths probably far exceeds these official counts. While acknowledging that the pandemic remains a significant public health priority, the Biden administration said in announcing the end of the emergency that “we have come to this point in our fight against the virus because of our historic investments and our efforts to mitigate its worst impacts.” Over the past three years, RAND has produced dozens of reports and commentaries examining the pandemic's effect on public health, the economy, employment, education, national security, international affairs, and other areas. The researchers in the Q&A below focused on many different aspects of the pandemic, and they were unanimous in their belief that while the official government-declared emergency may be over, the legacy of the disease will long endure.
我们请兰德公司的专家反思过去三年：对美国和世界各地的影响是什么，发生了什么变化，最重要的收获是什么，什么做对了，什么做错了？与此同时，他们展望了可能采取的措施，以减轻未来流行病对健康和地缘政治的影响。
With this pandemic's emergency phase over, it's time to consider how we can do better next time against a yet-unknown threat. Preparation means more than stockpiling. It requires more than bolstering what already exists.
The COVID-19 Public Health Emergency declaration expires shortly. When it does, it will have broad-sweeping effects, and one of the most significant is little known: It could begin undoing the expansion of mental health care access for millions of Americans.
