本报告介绍了阿拉斯加沿海水域水动力和相关物理过程的建模研究，用于评估阿拉斯加外大陆架石油储量勘探和开采的影响。报告的主要部分描述了用于计算石油分散、风化和运动的方法以及计算结果。作者描述了三维建模系统，海岸水动力过程、风场、浮冰运动和石油轨迹的建模
东地中海正在成为一个国家间对抗和国家利益冲突的新地区。这在很大程度上是由于发现了石油和天然气储量，利用现有技术开发这些储量成为可能。土耳其共和国对这一海洋区域有着特殊的立场。本文分析了决定土耳其目前在东地中海海洋划界和解决海洋争端方面政策的历史、政治和法律基础。特别是，这表明土耳其在该地区的政策继续以土耳其在第一至第三次联合国海洋法会议（分别为1958年、1960年、1973年至1982年）期间宣布的方法为基础，这些方法至今没有改变。关于领海的外部界限、岛屿的法律制度和大陆架的划界，这一立场继续界定土耳其与包括希腊和塞浦路斯共和国在内的该区域其他国家之间争议的实质。与此同时，有一系列情况表明，在包括国际法院和国际海洋法法庭在内的国际司法实例框架内解决这些国家间矛盾的前景受到严重限制。得出的结论是，对土耳其和希腊来说，最可接受的选择是制定一个解决的“模式”，这并不意味着有义务立即执行该模式。在一些土耳其退休军官提出的“蓝色家园”学说的框架内，特别注意土耳其主张的意识形态和实践框架。它展示了安卡拉如何利用泛突厥主义和新奥斯曼主义的思想来证明其对广阔海洋空间的主张是合理的。这种学说的显著特点很可能是其反美、反北约和反欧洲的倾向。当这一概念所包含的某些思想与俄罗斯联邦的利益直接相关时，就会出现一种自相矛盾的情况。
ISO 16358的这一部分规定了ISO 5151、ISO 13253和ISO 15042所涵盖的设备季节性能系数的测试和计算方法。就ISO 16358的这一部分而言，假设任何补充加热都将由与热泵同时运行的电加热器提供。
The recent adoption by the UK and Norway of ‘net zero’ and ‘climate neutrality’ targets by 2050 has galvanised the upstream oil and gas industry in both countries to adopt GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 for the first time. Meeting these targets, ensuring an appropriate sharing of costs between investors and taxpayers and preserving investor confidence will present a lasting challenge to governments and industry. The scale of the challenge on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) is far greater than on the more mature UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) since the remaining resource base is much larger, the expected future production decline is less severe and the emission intensity on the NCS is already much lower (10 kg CO2e/boe) than on the UKCS (28 kgCO2e/boe). Norway is expected to deliver future CO2 emission reduction through an extension of its existing power-from-shore electrification programme. The high cost of such investment, borne mainly by the state via the tax system, is a political and social choice made by Norway to reduce upstream CO2 emissions without giving up its commitment to develop its remaining offshore resources. On the UKCS, the new industry target to reduce GHG emissions by 50 per cent by 2030 will require the integration of emission abatement into the OGA’s MER UK strategy, well-designed economic incentives, including possibly carbon pricing and fiscal reform, and behavioural changes from operators. The relatively short remaining economic life of many mature fields and the dispersed nature of offshore power demand penalises both power-from-shore and CCS as routes to least-cost emission reduction but future integration with offshore renewable electricity generation may offer some abatement opportunities at larger installations. Methane emissions have for some years been a blind spot for government and industry on the UKCS. The UKCS has the potential to reduce methane emissions significantly from flaring, venting and leakage through better emission reporting, a more robust consents regime and changes to operating practices.
