If a hydrogen economy is to become a reality, along with efficient and decarbonized production and adequate transportation infrastructure, deployment of suitable hydrogen storage facilities will be crucial. This is because, due to various technical and economic reasons, there is a serious possibility of an imbalance between hydrogen supply and demand. Hydrogen storage could also be pivotal in promoting renewable energy sources and facilitating the decarbonization process by providing long duration storage options, which other forms of energy storage, such as batteries with capacity limitations or pumped hydro with geographical limitations, cannot meet. However, hydrogen is not the easiest substance to store and handle. Under ambient conditions, the extremely low volumetric energy density of hydrogen does not allow for its efficient and economic storage, which means it needs to be compressed, liquefied, or converted into other substances that are easier to handle and store. Currently,there are different hydrogen storage solutions at varying levels of technology, market, and commercial readiness, with different applications depending on the circumstances. This paper evaluates the relativemerits and techno-economic features of major types of hydrogen storage options: (i) pure hydrogen storage, (ii) synthetic hydrocarbons, (iii) chemical hydrides, (iv) liquid organic hydrogen carriers, (v) metal hydrides, and (vi) porous materials. The paper also discusses the main barriers to investment in hydrogen storage and highlights key features of a viable usiness model, in particular the policy and regulatory framework needed to address the primary risks to which potential hydrogen storage investors are exposed.
乙烯的产量比世界上任何其他基本化学品都要多。由两个碳原子和四个氢原子组成的小分子，是制造各种基本化学品、聚合物和增塑剂的基本组成部分。包装材料聚乙烯（PE）只是众多应用中的一个流行应用。如今，乙烯主要由原油通过一种称为裂化的工艺制造，但持续的价格波动和原油的有限可用性导致了替代制造方法的激增：通过所谓的甲醇制烯烃（MTO）工艺从甲醇合成乙烯。现在，苏黎世联邦理工学院和里昂ENS的一个科学家团队已经详细研究了反应是如何开始的。
