加强微型、小型和中型企业（MSME）和初创企业的业绩和经济贡献是阿布扎比创建更多元化和更有竞争力的经济目标的核心。本报告对阿布扎比中小微企业和初创企业发展相关的政策、计划和法规进行了评估。评估围绕六个主题领域展开：i）获得资金的途径，ii）技能和能力的可用性，iii）进入市场的途径，iv）商业环境，v）创新和数字化，以及vi）中小微企业和初创企业发展的未来机会。除了政策建议和国际政策做法的相关例子外，还对每个专题领域的现有问题、挑战和政策方针进行了分析。该报告由经合组织秘书处和外部专家根据经合组织在阿布扎比收集的书面文件、问卷答复、利益攸关方访谈和圆桌会议以及其他国家政策做法的案头研究等形式的信息编写。
在最近的一篇专栏文章中，美国总统乔·拜登呼吁“国会采取两党行动，追究大型科技公司的责任。从英国到加拿大和印度，世界各地的立法者都将目光投向了占主导地位的科技公司，而中国最近的一次监管打击使其领先科技公司的市值蒸发了1.5万亿美元。今年，大型科技公司似乎将面临全球清算。但是，如果这种关注分散了我们对新的但迅速加速的风险的注意力呢？，大型科技公司通常指谷歌（Alphabet）、苹果、亚马逊、脸书（Meta）和微软等科技公司，它们在市场份额、用户数量或全球收入方面占据主导地位。这些巨头往往会吸引立法者最严格的审查，并推动新的法规。例如，欧盟新的《数字市场法》侧重于“看门人”，即在欧盟内部年营业额至少75亿欧元或平均市场估值至少750亿欧元的公司，以及至少4500万欧盟月活跃用户。《数字服务法》对拥有至少4500万欧盟月活跃用户的“大型在线平台”和“大型在线搜索引擎”规定了更高的义务。，与此同时，解决中小企业带来的风险背后的监管势头较弱。例如，在欧盟的《人工智能法》草案中，对此类公司的处理仍然是一个有争议的问题，对通用人工智能系统的处理也是如此，无论规模大小，这些系统都可以用于多种目的。同样，《美国数据隐私和保护法》草案将对“大型数据持有者”和“高影响力社交媒体公司”提出严格要求，但对总收入低于4100万美元或处理数据少于20万客户的公司豁免。这样的门槛旨在促进或至少避免压制创新。，计算技术的进步与大数据和云相结合，意味着小公司甚至个人可以越来越多地使用人工智能和ML技术，这些技术曾经只有拥有深厚技术专业知识、强大计算能力和大型专有数据集的大企业才能使用。“低代码”和“无代码”人工智能工具使集成、构建和部署人工智能应用程序变得既便宜又容易，几乎没有专业知识，而且GPT-3等经过预训练的模型和LLM消除了对大量训练数据的需求。，但小企业也可能较少受到公司治理、股东义务或立法者和公众审查的阻碍。正如Erin Griffith和Cade Metz为《纽约时报》所写的那样，“谷歌、Meta和其他科技巨头一直不愿向更广泛的公众发布生成性技术，因为这些系统经常产生有毒内容，包括错误信息、仇恨言论和对女性和有色人种有偏见的图像。但像OpenAI这样的较新、较小的公司——不太关心保护一个既定的企业品牌——更愿意公开发布这项技术。”，这种不情愿可能会掩盖大型科技公司在让小型企业变得越来越强大方面已经发挥的重要作用。正如科技作家Brian Merchant所解释的那样，“OpenAI的DALL-E和ChatGPT等工具使用巨大的神经网络，试图从大型科技公司制造和管理互联网时从互联网上抽走的大量旧数据中组装出外观新颖的产品——为满足Web 2.0垄断企业的平台激励而创建的图像、文章和帖子。”例如，如果没有脸书和其他公司之前采集的图像，Clearview AI不可能有今天的成就。
Source: Roland Tricot, “Venture Capital Investments in Artificial Intelligence,” OECD Digital Economy Papers, September 2021. Commentary: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly grabbing the attention of entrepreneurs. While 2020 saw labor disruptions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, it also brought a host of digital solutions using AI to innovate through the challenges of the pandemic and beyond. AI technology has certainly enjoyed greater attention amid the pandemic, but a recent OECD report shows that the demand for AI isn’t just a passing trend. In 2012, AI start-ups attracted just about 3 percent of the world’s venture capital investment. Four years later, AI start-ups’ share of global VC investment had grown by more than 10 percentage points to 15 percent in 2016. The next four-year period saw a similar surge, with AI’s share of VC investment exceeding 21 percent in 2020. In that year, the OECD reported that global venture capital investment came to $340 billion, $75 billion going to AI start-ups. This 28-fold increase from 2012 to 2020 was driven primarily by investment growth in the United States and China. The United States leads AI-related VC investment in both the number of deals and total dollars invested, whereas China’s growth in dollars invested mainly comes from a few very large investments. This trajectory shows that AI start-ups have steadily progressed over the years and that the global supply of AI technology is capable of growth and innovation to match today’s rising demand.
Source: Roland Tricot, “Venture Capital Investments in Artificial Intelligence,” OECD Digital Economy Papers, September 2021. Commentary: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly grabbing the attention of entrepreneurs. While 2020 saw labor disruptions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, it also brought a host of digital solutions using AI to innovate through the challenges of the pandemic and beyond. AI technology has certainly enjoyed greater attention amid the pandemic, but a recent OECD report shows that the demand for AI isn’t just a passing trend. In 2012, AI start-ups attracted just about 3 percent of the world’s venture capital investment. Four years later, AI start-ups’ share of global VC investment had grown by more than 10 percentage points to 15 percent in 2016. The next four-year period saw a similar surge, with AI’s share of VC investment exceeding 21 percent in 2020. In that year, the OECD reported that global venture capital investment came to $340 billion, $75 billion going to AI start-ups. This 28-fold increase from 2012 to 2020 was driven primarily by investment growth in the United States and China. The United States leads AI-related VC investment in both the number of deals and total dollars invested, whereas China’s growth in dollars invested mainly comes from a few very large investments. This trajectory shows that AI start-ups have steadily progressed over the years and that the global supply of AI technology is capable of growth and innovation to match today’s rising demand.
