DOI
DOI 10.1007/s11024-013-9234-x
De-Facto Science Policy in the Making: How Scientists Shape Science Policy and Why it Matters (or, Why STS and STP Scholars Should Socialize)
论文题名译名
事实上正在制定的科学政策：科学家如何塑造科学政策以及为什么它很重要（或者，为什么STS和STP学者应该社会化）
摘要
Science and technology (S&T) policy studies has explored the relationship between the structure of scientific research and the attainment of desired outcomes. Due to the difficulty of measuring them directly, S&T policy scholars have traditionally equated ‘‘outcomes’’ with several proxies for evaluation, including economic impact, and academic output such as papers published and citations received. More recently, scholars have evaluated science policies through the lens of Public Value Mapping, which assesses scientific programs against societal values. Missing from these approaches is an examination of the social activities within the scientific enterprise that affect research outputs and outcomes. We contend that activities that significantly affect research trajectories take place at the levels of individual researchers and their communities, and that S&T policy scholars must take heed of this activity in their work in order to better inform policy. Based on primary research of two scientific communities—ecologists and sustainability scientists—we demonstrate that research agendas are actively shaped by parochial epistemic and normative concerns of the scientists and their disciplines. S&T policy scholarship that explores how scientists balance these concerns, alongside more formal science policies and incentive structures, will enhance understanding of why certain science policies fail or succeed and how to more effectively link science to beneficial social outcomes.
中文摘要
科学技术政策研究探讨了科学研究结构与实现预期成果之间的关系。由于难以直接衡量它们，科技政策学者传统上将“产出”等同于几个评估指标，包括经济影响和学术产出，如发表的论文和收到的引用。最近，学者们通过公共价值映射的视角来评估科学政策，该映射根据社会价值评估科学计划。这些方法中缺少的是对科学事业中影响研究产出和结果的社会活动的审查。我们认为，对研究轨迹产生重大影响的活动发生在研究人员个人及其社区层面，科技政策学者必须在工作中注意这一活动，以便更好地为政策提供信息。基于对二者的初步研究
来源智库
Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (United States)
版权信息
Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
NSTL唯一标识符
JA202305220000026JL
附件
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1307151623F89133267ZK_lib_101007s110240139.pdf
272.2 kB
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