本周，我们将讨论毛伊岛野火造成的无形伤害、提高美国人工智能产业的安全性、是什么让有色人种教师产生归属感、乌克兰平民的抵抗、如何提高纽约市的住房可负担性以及叙利亚境内 ISIS 囚犯的处境。
一些社区，如低收入或少数民族社区，受到灾害影响的比例过高，部分原因是他们可用于准备财产或生计损失或从中恢复的财政资源较少。联邦政府已经建立了几个赠款项目，如建设有弹性的基础设施和社区（BRIC）减灾赠款项目，这些项目提供资金支持灾前减灾和灾后恢复。然而，缓解和恢复资金的分配并没有公平地适用于所有社区，服务不足的社区获得的资金较少。联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）聘请了国土安全运营分析中心（HSOAC），这是一个由兰德公司为美国国土安全部运营的联邦资助的研发中心，帮助探索金砖四国减灾赠款计划如何解决社会公平问题。这份报告为金砖四国如何评估该项目的社会公平表现提供了初步方法。它还确定了与金砖四国赠款周期第一年（2020财年）次级申请的参与和成功相关的社区特征和自然灾害风险
Climate change-related shocks and stresses are prompting the movement of hundreds of thousands- The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of climate change migrants, people displaced from these crises from the initial impacts of the hazard to their recent arrivals in a new location- To do so we draw on focus group discussions with Puerto Ricans in South and Central Florida displaced by 2017 Hurricane Maria- We document the factors leading up to the hurricane that shaped their preparedness, their relocation decisions, and their post-relocation experiences in the initial seven months following the hurricane- We find that for these Puerto Ricans, underlying neglect, discrimination, and other social processes transformed Maria from a hazard to a disaster with devastating economic, social, and physical and mental health effects, while also creating challenges in early recovery- However, migrants were also able to draw on their faith, community and educational institutions, and new neighbours as sources of strength and coping- We argue that since these factors are socially produced, a vulnerability perspective is critical to understanding the experiences of climate migrants- We draw on this perspective to conclude with research and policy implications-
Understanding public media channel preferences can inform preparedness plans, response strategies and long-term recovery. However, questions remain about how media consumption changes across pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis phases. Past theories argue that media use may change for several reasons, including during times of societal conflict and challenge. These theories point to the belief that, during a crisis, we expect media channel use to change because media preferences during a crisis will be fundamentally different compared with everyday routines. This paper takes advantage of a survey fielded to Texas residents soon after Hurricane Harvey. Here, we ask the following: (a) "what media channels are most prominent in each crisis phase?" and (b) "do media channel preferences change across crisis phases?". We use simple descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to describe media channel preferences across the three crisis phases by demographics. Additionally, we use alluvial diagrams to visualize media channel preferences over time. In total, 62% (n = 174) of respondents reported no changes in channel preferences. However, chi-square tests identified significant differences in media use changes related to a handful of demographic characteristics. These findings are explored alongside theories that would hypothesize likely media use changes across pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis phases.
中国主导着几乎所有关键矿产资源的全球供应链，包括为脱碳技术提供动力的稀土。海底采矿可能是一种使关键矿产供应链多样化的方式，并打破中国对世界上一些最重要自然资源供应的控制。
五大湖——伊利、休伦、密歇根、安大略和苏必利尔——形成了地球上最大的地表淡水。五大湖流域是美国3000多万人口的家园，这些湖泊为美国和加拿大的4000万人提供饮用水，对两国经济都至关重要 ，石油泄漏威胁到五大湖的水质和生态系统。船只、管道、铁路以及岸上和近海设施造成了该地区大部分的泄漏。尽管湖泊上的大多数泄漏量都不到10加仑，但大多数减轻石油泄漏损害的技术都是针对盐水环境开发的；在改善淡水和冰条件下的控制和清除方法方面进展较少，因为淡水和冰的密度、水循环模式和生态系统与盐水不同 ，2018年，国会通过了一项法案，指示美国海岸警卫队成立五大湖国家漏油准备和响应专业知识中心（GL NCOE）。2020年2月，海岸警卫队要求国土安全行动分析中心（HSOAC）制定一种分析方法，对GL NCOE的近期和长期轨迹，以及其人员需求、潜在合作伙伴关系和地点提出建议。本报告的作者进行了研究和分析，以协助海岸警卫队开始并继续这一新中心的关键工作
